Principles of Siva in Thirumanthiram

Thirumoolar has the principle that 'There is One Race and One God'. He has accepted Lord Shiva as the great deity in his Thirumanthiram. When we say the greatness of Shiva, it is said that 'Shiva is the one who directs the world just as life fits into the body and directs the body', therefore, Shiva is the life of the world. He who has many worlds as a body, he is the one God of all the worlds. Thirumanthiram describes this as "One who has seen it and a Deity for the World". Thirumanthiram has used many mythological stories here and there to make people aware of many rare truths. Among them, this article is to examine the nature of Eesan in the Thirumanthiram, which depicts the deeds and grace of Lord Shiva

The Widow's Reincarnation bound in Revolutionary Poetic Writing

When Bharathiar sings about women and their problems, he sings that women should fight for the freedom of the country and fight for their freedom. He has also elevated women to motherhood as a symbol of power. But Bharathidasan looks closely at the problems of women's lives and analyses and sings the social problems of women, such as widowhood, superstition, child marriage, etc. Bharathidasan tried to eliminate the disadvantages faced by women in society. In general, he warns men that he does not want to justify everything that men do in society. The situation of women in our country is very deplorable. From the foot to the top, the whole body should be corrected. It must be said that the slavery of women is due to the superstitious practices of our country. Pavendar Bharathidasan can be regarded as someone who worked hard to change the situation of women by associating himself with Periyar's rationality and ideas. While women's society cannot be completely reformed, there is a sense of reform among semi-educated women. The remarriage of the widow can be specifically pointed out. Through his works, it can be said that Pavendar Bharathidasan was the one who sowed the seeds of widow remarriage

Characterization of the female protagonist in Kurunthogai

Tamil poets have created, named, categorized, summarized and preserved dialects based on dialects in order to preserve the language they speak. Before exploring the importance of numbers in language it is necessary to know the design of grammatical literature. It is possible that the Sanskrit poets called the text grammar of the words when they recorded the language, they created in the journals so that it would be known to the world, and the textual literature of the world empirical biographies based on his quote characters. The words created for measurements such as size and mass are the primary letters of the words and the reasons for giving a special place to measurements in Tamil are explained. In order to give Tamil a lofty place in the world languages ​​in are the numbers to indicate the of an action, the time of action, and the number of soldiers involved in the war

Effect of Aerobic Training on Percentage of Body Fat and Resting Heart Rate among College Obese Women

The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of aerobic training on percentage body fat and resting heart rate among obese women. For this purpose twenty (20) female obese samples (age 17-25) were selected. The subjects were given endurance training for only one session in the morning between 6 am and 7 am for three alternate days a week for six weeks. To analyse the collected data,„t? ratio was used at 0.05level of confidence. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the percentage of body fat but no changes is elicited on resting heart rate. It was concluded that the aerobic training is widely believed to induce changes in the percentage body fat among obese women

Viable mass production method for cotton pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)

AbstractCotton seed based artificial diet has been standardized for continuous rearing of pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) at the Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Coimbatore. The ingredients of the diet are easily available and are cost effective. Basic ingredients of the diet are cotton seed flour (processed) and chick pea flour, Carbohydrate, Protein, Fat sources, multi vitamin, antimicrobial agents and agar as thickening agent are used as other ingredients. Micro centrifuge tubes with lid were used as rearing containers. Individual neonate larvae were released on each piece of the diet inside the micro centrifuge tube and the lids were closed. This prevented larval escape, retaining them inside the tubes and also prevented diet dehydration. The recovery of insect reared on diet was recorded as 95.56%. Egg hatchability and adult emergence were 100% while pupal malformation was nil. Eggs, larval and pupal periods were recorded as 4.8±0.632, 25.10±0.994 and 7.9±0.88days, respectively. Larval and pupal weights were recorded as 21.40mg±3.63, 18.00mg±2.73, respectively

Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte fungal associations in plants of different vegetation types in Velliangiri Hills of Western Ghats, southern India

In recent years more attention is being paid to the presence of various non-pathogenic root fungal associations in plants of natural ecosystems for their role in various ecosystem processes. Despite their widespread reports in various ecosystems worldwide, our knowledge on root endophyte fungal association in plants from natural vegetation is far from complete. We assessed the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungal association in plants of Velliangiri Hills of the southern Western Ghats region, due to limited information on the root fungal association in this region. Of the 147 plant taxa (belonging to 46 families) investigated from five different vegetation types ranging from montane grasslands to tropical rainforest, 141 were colonised by AM fungi and co-occurrence of DSE fungi along with AM fungi was observed in 74 plant taxa. We report AM and DSE fungal associations for the first time in 61 and 42 plant species, respectively. Determination of AM morphological types indicated the frequent occurrence of intermediate type and AM morphology is reported for the first time in 64 plant taxa. Spore morphotypes belonging to eleven species (in six genera) were isolated from the different vegetation types. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore numbers neither differed significantly among vegetation types nor were related to AM fungal colonisation. Spores of Funneliformis geosporum was the most frequent spore morphotypes. Dark septate endophyte fungal association occurred in plants of all the vegetation types and was most frequent in herbs. Though no significant relationship was found between AM and DSE fungal colonisation within roots, a positive association was found in the occurrence of these two fungal groups

Low cost high throughput image based root phenotyping pipeline for evaluation of sugarcane root system architecture under drought stress

Root System Architecture (RSA) plays an important role in the agronomic performance of a crop. Incorporation of these root traits in breeding program is hampered by the complexity in accessing the roots and its phenotyping. Lack of high throughput root phenotyping platforms for sugarcane is one of the major constraints in sugarcane root studies. In the present study an attempt was made to develop high throughput sugarcane root phenotyping pipeline comprising of a low cost plant cultivation platform and customized root image acquisition platform and image analyses using already available automated software. PVC tube system of specified dimension were used for plant growth and customized optical correction tank were used for imaging RSA. The acquired root images were fed into automated software GIAroots and about twenty quantitative root phenotype data were extracted and analysed. The working of the whole pipeline from plant growth to image analyses is demonstrated through comparative root phenotyping under drought using five genotypes of sugarcane wild relative Erianthus arundinaceus and three commercial sugarcane varieties.The relationships between the different root variables and genotypes in PCA biplots indicated high correlation among the different root traits. The study shows the low cost high throughput image based root phenotyping pipeline can be used to extract quantifiable root traits and analysed within a short span of time